SuperLinux Encyclopedia - Computer Languages

Notes:

• Be sure to see Tutorials, Programming, IDEs, Editors, and SW developement.
• This page does not cover special-purpose languages like SMGL or groff (see "Word Processing"), but does cover "scripting" languages like Python and Perl (but not bash, csh, etc. - see "Shells").
• For Math & Science languages, see this.

General Subject:

• Dictionary of Programming Languages
• Freshmeat: Languages
• Languages for Quick Software Implementation
• The Portland Group: Home Page
• Programming & Specification Languages (links)
• QCL - Quantum Computing Language (for (simulated?) Quantum Computers)
• The WWW Virtual Library: Computing, Programming Languages
• Everyday Computing: Systems, Languages, and Software (fair list of language links, other)
• Inter-language interfacing  CORBA and similar technologies.

Assembly Language:

• Assembly HOWTO  Information on programming in x86 assembly.
• tavrasm   "an assembler for the Atmel AVR series of microcontrollers"

Particular High-Level Languages:

• Ada:
  • Ada 95 Adoption Handbook - Chapter 3 Section 6
  • Ada Home: the Home of the Brave Ada Programmers (HBAP)
  • Ada Resources
  • Free X11/Ada 95
  • X11Ada
  • Ada Internet Resources
  • Ada 95 RM - Table of Contents
  • Ada for Linux
  • gtk.org (has Ada95 bindings)
  • Gnat and Linux: C++ and Java Under Fire  Oct'98 LG
• Awk:
  • An Introduction to AWK  Aug'96 LG
  • Effective Awk Programming, 2nd Ed.  Book.
• Basic; Visual Basic:
  • OmniBasic  Shareware.
  • VBVM "a portable version of Microsoft's Visual Basic Virtual Machine" ($ & beta; runs V.B. on Linux)
• Beta (a modern OO language)
• C; C++; Objective-C:
  • Tutorials, FAQs, and other Documents:
    • C++ Draft Standard  From Dec'96.
    • C++ critique (a large postscript file; an in-depth critique by Ian Joyner)
    • CScene (emag on C and C++)
    • Learn C/C++ Today (good list of tutorials, etc)
    • Quadraly's C++ Archive (resources)
    • Programming in C (at Lysator; many annotated links to papers, etc.)
    • C Resources (at Lysator)
    • C Programming (tutorial)
    • Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Using C++ (by Peter Müller, August 31, 1997)
    • Introduction To Object-Oriented Programming Using C++ (by Peter Müller; different style at least)
    • C++ FAQ LITE
    • C Programming FAQ (at MIT)
    • From C to C++ Tutorial (at Liquid-Sky at MIT)
    • Simple opaque types in C   An article by Erik Corry.
    • STL - Standard Templaate Library:
      • STL Programmer's Guide   From SGI and HP. With a good STL resources page.
      • Introduction to STL  Nov'98 LG
      • STL for C++ Programmers, book review  Dec'97 LJ
    • The Standard C Library for Linux   Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4  Linux Gazette
    • Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions in C++  Apr'98 LG
    • C style 
    • C++ Programming Rules 
  • CCR A C Cross-Reference Generator  (with links to related software for C/C++)
  • Compilers (also see IDEs):
    • C-Forge (Code Forge) ($ & free; heavy-duty multi-user C/C++ project manager IDE; also for FORTRAN, Pascal, HTML, Qt))
    • CodeWarrior ($; by MetroWerks; heavy-duty C/C++ project manager IDE)
    • Code Crusader (ambitious C/C++/HTML Integrated Development Environment; can work with other editors)
    • GCC:
      • GCC HOWTO How to set up the GNU C compiler and development libraries.
      • GCC [& egcc & pgcc] News  Feb'98 LG
      • gcc "fatal signal 11" FAQ (at sunsite)
      • gcc "fatal signal 11" FAQ< (at author's site)
      • GCC-like:
        • EGCS:
          • The EGCS Project (intro page; a better gcc variant by using Bazaar-style developement)
          • egcs project home page ("official" home page at egcs.cygnus.com)
          • How to have both EGCS and GCC installed
        • gcc for Analog Devices DSPs (ftp dir) (21k, 21csp and 21xx families of DSPs)
        • pgcc - Pentium GCC (by Pentium Compiler Group; egcs optimized for Pentium CPUs)
        • StackGuard (version of gcc which protects programs agains stack overflow attacks; with a protected Linux distro)
    • GNUPro Toolkit  $; Cygnus's professional C/C++ SW Dev. tools.
  • OPP  C++ class libs with similarities to Rogue Wave & Java.
  • POC - Portable Object Compiler (FTP dir)  Objective-C libs & O-C to C or Smalltalk-80 translator
  • Xterminal  client-server OO GUI C++ library
  • Ask Slashdot: Is there a C/C++ Code Repository?
  • C++ libraries  Free source code.
  • C++ Packages for Various Applications (annotated links)
  • fab "a tool for producing Objective-C objects. It is somewhat similar to D. Knuth's 'web' program for writing source and documentation in a same, single file."
  • Geodesic Systems   Memory managment SW for C/C++.
  • Glibc2 HOWTO How to install and migrate to the glibc2 library.
  • Cool:Jex design tool  Supports UML. Was ObjectTeam.
  • Zinc Software (C++ Experts, ZAF program)
  • The Association Of C & C++ Users (ACCU) 
• COBOL:
  • Synkronix, Inc.  $; Cobol compiler. Runs on (and with) Java.
• Eiffel:
  • Eiffel at ISE ($ & sorta-free; eiffel.com; Official home page?)
  • The Eiffel Page (lots here)
  • Review of Bertrand Meyer's Object-Oriented Software Construction (by Tal Cohen)
  • Small Eiffel (the GNU Eiffel)
  • Small Eiffel for Red Hat
  • Eiffel Liberty  "dedicated to exposing Eiffel and Object Technology"
• Dylan:
  • Gwydion Dylan and original authors
  • Harlequin (Dylan SW developers)
• FORTRAN (66,77,90,HPF,95):
  • Tutorials, FAQs, and other Documents:
    • FORTRAN-90 for the FORTRAN-77 programmer
  • The Linux FORTRAN Information Page
  • Fortran Market (at fortran.com)
  • Fortran Market (at SWCP; a mirror?)
  • ForUtil
  • OpenGL, GLUT, Mesa bindings for FORTRAN-90
  • Microway (high-end computers and FORTRAN compilers)
  • PSRV - Pacific-Sierra Research Corporation  $ and free-for-some; "High Performance Computing Software Products and Services"; FORTRAN & C compilers with parallelization.
  • The Portland Group (FORTRAN, C, C++ compilers, debuggers, profilers)
  • Notes on Absoft FORTRAN 77 (experiences of a user)
  • F77 SDK for Linux (by Absoft)
  • TkfPW  a GUI "Fortran Programmer's Workshop"
• The Haskell Home Page (a pure functional language)
• Guile's Unofficial* Home Page (the GNU variant of Scheme)
• ICI:
  • ICI "ICI marries C's expression syntax and control structures with a dynamic, garbage collected, object-based, data model." (scripting lang)
  • ANICI "ANICI is a modified version of the ICI language that provides a number of features that make ICI more suitable for larger programs, more easily adapted to different roles and makes certain kinds of distributed programming possible."
• A Glimpse of Icon  Apr'98 LG
• Inferno (Lucent Technologies' competition to Java)
• Java
• Lisp, Common Lisp (but not Scheme):
  • Tutorials, FAQs, and other Documents:
    • An Introduction and Tutorial for Common Lisp
    • Lisp FAQ
    • LISP Primer
  • Franz Inc. (CLOS - Common Lisp Object System & LISP) (Dynamic Objects?)
  • Nimble C-Lisp Type Inferencer (doc)
• GNU M4  Macro Language. Used by sendmail and much other openware.
• Modula:
  • Modula-3 Home Page (Modula-2 much improved by DEC)
  • Polytechnique Montreal Distribution of Modula-3
• Oberon (from Niklaus Wirth of Pascal and Modula fame):
  • Oberon Links at Open Directory
  • Oberon Resources for Linux Users (modern version of Pascal)
  • Oberon resources for Linux
• Pascal:
  • Pascal Links at Open Directory
• Pliant  A minimalist, but extensible, new language. Well done interesting site.
• Postscript
• Perl:
  • Tutorials and FAQs:
    • The Perl Study Forum (site for Perl learing)
    • Learning Perl and CGI ($; online training course)
  • Perl Language Page (first stop; some $)
  • The Perl Journal (hardcopy quarterly and some online stuff)
  • The Perl Institute "a non-profit organization dedicated to keeping Perl available, usable, and free for all"
    DEFUNCT; assets passed to "The Perl Mongers".
  • The Perl Mongers  Organization that supports the perl user groups.
  • The Perl Language Home Page
  • Freshmeat: Perl Modules
  • ePerl: Title Page
  • Perl-LZO "LZO bindings for Perl5" (compression library; very fast decompression)
  • Stonehenge Consulting Services (Randal L. Schwartz of Perl books fame)
  • Perl Power Tools: The Unix Reconstruction Project  "Our goal is quite simply to reimplement the classic Unix command set in pure Perl"
• Pike:
  • Pike  C-syntax "interpreted and modular object-oriented language, powerful applications can be rapidly developed" Has GTK bindings.
  • Pike-Community  /.-like news site for Pikers.
  • Freshmeat: Pike Modules
• PL/B language compiler & programing environment ($; from Subject, Wills & Co.)
• Prolog:
  • SWI-Prolog  Compiler plus much related SW.
• Python:
  • Tutorials and FAQs:
    • UnixWorld Python tutorial article (good)
    • Short Tutorial on Python
    • A Tutorial on some advanced topics
    • Python Intro documents  "Instant Python", "Instant Hacking [programming - with Python examples]"
  • Official Python home page
  • The Python Journal (The language, not the snake.)
  • Why I switched from Tcl to Python
  • Python & Linux
  • Freshmeat: Python Modules
  • PIL - Python Imaging Library "adds image processing capabilities to your Python interpreter"
  • PyGTK - Python Bindings for the GTK Widget Set
  • Python-LZO "LZO bindings for Python 1.5" (compression library; very fast decompression)
  • Search Python Resources
  • Starship Python  "a site for the Python community"
  • www.python.org/~rmasse/papers/java-python/
  • DCOracle  "Python extension module for Oracle"
• Rebol (scripting language; 100% portable; from creator of Amiga OS, Carl Sassenrath; easy; net-aware)
• REXX-related SW  REXX interpreter; the THE ISPF editor clone, more.
• Ruby:
  • Ruby  "Free, open-source, interpreted, object-oriented, scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. Many features to process text files and do system management tasks, as in Perl. Simple, straight-forward, and extensible. If you want a language for easy object-oriented programming, or you don't like Perl ugliness, or you like the concept of Lisp, but dislike many parentheses, Ruby may be a good option."
  • An Invitation to Ruby  "Review, comparison to other languages, code samples."
• Sather (modern OO language; check it out):
  • Sather home page
  • Sather-K home page
• Scheme (a Lisp variant - also see Guile):
  • Scheme 48 home page
  • R4RS -- the Scheme standard
  • OpenScheme  $ & free; "Scheme programming environment"
• Slang (a C variant; jed and slrn have slang source code):
  • home FTP dir
  • Slang Applications for Linux  Dec'96 LG
• Smalltalk, Smalltalk-80:
  • VisualWorks  $ & free versions; "powerful object-oriented application development environment for building state-of-the-art internet computing applications that are completely portable across Windows, Macintosh and most UNIX platforms"; Smalltalk-based.
  • Squeak "an open, highly-portable Smalltalk-80 implementation whose virtual machine is written entirely in Smalltalk, making it easy to debug, analyze, and change" (with tutorials; looks good)
  • GTalk & QTalk  "code forks of the open and highly-portable Smalltalk-80 implementation called Squeak (http://squeak.cs.uiuc.edu/) whose virtual machine is written entirely in Smalltalk. To achieve portability Squeak does not support native widgets. Therefore QTalk and GTalk are an effort to close this gap. Its objective is the integration with GNOME/GTK and KDE/QT for building an Smalltalk language environment which allows rapid application development."
  • POC - Portable Object Compiler (FTP dir)  Objective-C to Smalltalk-80 translator.
• Tcl/Tk:
  • Tutorials and FAQs:
    • Tcl Syntax
    • TCL/Tk - An Introduction
    • A Tcl/Tk and Expect Tutorial
    • TCL/TK Installation  Nov'96 LG
    • An Introduction to Tcl/Tk  Jan'96 LG
  • "Linux programming in tcl/tk"  On-line book in Portuguese.
  • Tcl/Tk Information
  • TCL WWW Info
  • Adventures in Linux Programming  Some tcl/tk stuff.
  • The Tcl/Tk Consortium  Developing Tcl-based apps, etc. [LJ ads]
  • Phelps Tcl/Tk Software
  • Tcl Resource Center (at Scriptics Corp)
  • Scriptics Corp. (John Ousterhout's company; Tcl support)
  • tkWorld.org
  • TkStep  Tk with N*XTSTEP look plus Offix DnD.
  • Tuba  Tcl/Tk/Itcl debugger.
• TOM programming language  OO language with Objective-C-like syntax. Eases "unplanned reuse". Sounds very advanced. No OO feature left out. Has GTK bindings.
• Z (a specification language based on set theory and predicate logic):
  • The Z notation
  • Z Specification Language

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